In recent years, the reactors Leakage, fire and explosion accidents occur frequently.Because the reactors is often filled with Toxic and harmful hazardous chemicals.The result of the accident is more serious than the normal explosion accident.
The safety risk of reactor use cannot be ignored
Reactor refers to the batch reactor with stirring device, depending on the pressure required by the process, can be open, closed atmospheric pressure, pressure or negative pressure under the conditions of chemical reaction.
In the process of production and synthesis of chemical products, the safety of the reactor and the production site environment are particularly important. In recent years, the reactor explosion accident caused by negligence has given the chemical industry a wake-up call. Seemingly safe materials, if improperly placed poor quality, will also cause safety accidents.
The safety risks of the reactor are as follows:
Misfeeding
If the feed speed is too fast, the feed ratio is out of control or the feed sequence is wrong, it is possible to produce rapid exothermic reaction. If the cooling cannot be synchronized, heat accumulation will be formed, resulting in local thermal decomposition of the material, forming a rapid reaction of the material and producing a large number of harmful gases.
Pipeline leakage
When feeding, for the atmospheric pressure reaction, if the vent tube is not opened, at this time, when the pump is used to transport liquid materials to the reactors, the positive pressure is easy to form in the reactors, which is easy to cause the cracking of the material pipe connection, and the material leakage will cause personal injury burn accident. When unloading, if the material in the reactors is not cooled to the specified temperature (the general requirement is below 50 ° C), the higher temperature material is easy to deteriorate and easy to cause the material sputtering and scald the operator.
Excessive heating
Due to the excessive heating speed, low cooling rate and poor condensation effect, the materials in thereactors may cause boiling of the materials, forming a mixture of vapor and liquid phase, and generating pressure. The unloading and blanking materials are implemented from the weak links such as the vent pipe, the vapor phase pipe, and the relief pressure relief system such as the safety valve and the bursting disc. If the punching material can not achieve the effect of rapid pressure relief, it may cause the explosion accident of the tank body.
Maintenance fire
In the process of material reaction in the reactors, if the implementation of electric welding, gas cutting maintenance operations, or fastening bolts, iron percussion and knock spark, once encountered flammable and explosive leakage materials may cause fire and explosion accidents
Equipment structure
Unreasonable reactor design, discontinuous equipment structure shape, improper weld arrangement, etc. may cause stress concentration; improper material selection, unsatisfactory welding quality when manufacturing the container, and improper heat treatment may reduce the toughness of the material; the container shell is corroded by corrosive media, the strength is reduced or safety accessories are missing, etc., which may cause the container to explode during use.
Reaction out of control
Many chemical reactions, such as oxidation, chlorination, nitration, and polymerization, are highly exothermic reactions. If the reaction is out of control or there is a sudden power outage or water outage, the reaction heat will accumulate, the temperature in the reactor will rise sharply, the pressure will increase, and the container will rupture if it exceeds its pressure resistance. The material will be ejected from the rupture, which may cause a fire and explosion accident; the explosion of the reactor will destroy the equilibrium state of the material vapor pressure, and the unstable superheated liquid will cause a second explosion (steam explosion); the ejected material will spread rapidly, and the space around the reactor will be covered by droplets or steam of flammable liquid, and a third explosion (mixed gas explosion) will occur when encountering an ignition source.
The main reasons for the out-of-control reaction are: the reaction heat is not removed in time, the reaction materials are not evenly dispersed, and the operation is wrong.
